ELEGOO 5 sets 28BYJ-48 5V Stepper Motor + ULN2003 Motor Driver Board for Arduino

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So start with a few simple codes. After some more practice to build up your confidence, be sure to try out more complex codes so that you can get the motor to do more things. Github, a platform with millions of open-source projects, is a good place to start looking for more example codes to play around with. This is the most commonly used stepper motor in low power industrial and most famously in hobbyist projects. Bubbles, I have a similar but slightly different problem. these things are spectacularly temperamental.

The jumper next to power connections on the driver board can be used to disconnect power to the stepper motor. Above is a somewhat fuzzy picture of the crossover of the pink and yellow lines, notice my orange and red jumper wires cross over each other. Also notice the red is not connected. After a bit of research I found that the 28BYJ-48 can be converted from its original 5 wire unipolar stepper, to a 4 wire bipolar stepper. This modification allows us to really improve the torque and speed. Some sources state more than 2x the torque! What’s more, its really simple! Parts ListThe 28BYJ-48 is one of the cheapest stepper motors you can find. Although it is not super accurate or powerful, it is a great motor to use for smaller projects or if you just want to learn about stepper motors. Disconnect the UNO from 5V. This protects your power supply or computer from being fried if there is a dead short in a poorly/cheaply manufactured CNC shield.

In the loop section of code, we simply call the step(steps)function which turns the motor a specific number of steps at a speed determined by the setSpeed(rpm)function. Passing a negative number to this function reverses the spinning direction of the motor. void loop() {

After another half day's research and testing I have established that my motors are 4096 steps per revolution, achieved by 64 steps geared down by 64. I integrated the motors into my final setup which was 3D printed with PLA and started testing the accuracy. With hysteresis compensation in my Arduino code I was getting almost-perfect positional repeatability and very decent and smooth micro-stepping. Surprisingly though, after a few minutes, the output position started to slowly creep. This happened even when the position was set to a fixed setpoint. What? It turned out, that the temperature was hot enough to soften the 3D-printed PLA parts and the weight of the arm was enough to cause a slow creeping deformation. Example sketch to control a 28BYJ-48 stepper motor with ULN2003 driver board, AccelStepper and Arduino UNO: acceleration and deceleration. More info: https://www.makerguides.com */ To obtain the final number of steps, the gear ratio must be multiplied by the number of steps per revolution, 32. The more accurate value for the gear ratio is actually about 63.68395:

The 28BYJ-48 stepper motor requires 240mA current to operate and it also consumes power at an idle condition. Therefore, it is recommended not to power the 28BYJ-48 stepper motor directly from any microcontroller. Instead use an external 5 volts power supply. Interfacing Raspberry Pi Pico with 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor and ULN2003 motor driverBut since we are at the initial learning stage of familiarizing ourselves with the setup, we will be powering the motor from the Arduino in this example to keep the connections simple. Once you have familiarized yourself with the connections, be sure to connect your motor to an external power source instead if more power is needed. The robot has no sensors for positioning, orientation, or a way to detect the edges of the table. Movement is controlled only by the number of pre-defined steps in each direction hard-coded in the sketch. The motors are running at approximately 8 volts DC and 15 RPM in this example. One thing that you cannot tell from the video is how quiet these little steppers run: StepperBot is very stealthy! Eventually, small errors add up over time and the bot falls off the table, but it typically runs for 10-15 minutes, before that: good enough for me! What is so special about steppers